Chapter 4

Footnote 1

n.1Video

Unravelling local government: County commissioners vs. county council.

IndyStar · 2016

Footnote 6

n.6Website

Counties Matter: Stronger Counties Stronger America.

National Association of Counties (NACo) · 2019

Footnote 7

n.7Book

States with the Most Counties 2024.

World Population Review · 2024

Footnote 8

n.8Book

States with the Most Counties 2024.

World Population Review · 2024

Footnote 10

n.10Website

Counties Matter: Stronger Counties Stronger America.

National Association of Counties (NACo) · 2019

Footnote 11

n.11Website

County Elected and Appointed Officials.

Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington (MRSC) · 2022

Footnote 13

n.13Website

County Elected and Appointed Officials.

Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington (MRSC) · 2022

Footnote 15

n.15Website

Federal Policies Matter to County Government.

National Association of Counties (NACo) · 2015

Footnote 16

n.16Website

Animated Map: The History of U.S. Counties.

Ang, Carmen · 2020

Footnote 20

n.20Website

Police Jurisdiction: Where Can Officers Make Arrests?

McCurley, John · 2020

Footnote 21

n.21Website

Obvious But Not Clear: The Right to Refuse to Cooperate with the Police during a Terry Stop.

Kamin, Sam and Zachary Shiffler · 2020

Footnote 22

n.22Website

Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970–Present.

U.S · 2021

Footnote 24

n.24Website

Governor Lamont Announces U.S. Census Bureau Approves Proposal for Connecticut's Planning Regions To Become County Equivalents.

CT.gov · 2022

Footnote 25

n.25Website

Connecticut Since the Abolition of County Government in 1959.

Global Site Plans—The Grid · 2021

Footnote 26

n.26Book

Why Is Louisiana the Only State to Have Parishes and Not Counties?

Vermilion Parish Tourist Commission

Footnote 27

n.27PDF

Municipal Government Structure in Alaska.

The Great State of Alaska—Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development · 2018

Footnote 28

n.28Website

New Jersey.

U.S · 2021

Footnote 29

n.29Website

Explainer: Cities, boroughs, and townships, oh my! Pa. municipalities clarified.

Zhorov, Irina · 2016
n.29Website

Pennsylvania.

U.S · 2021

Footnote 30

n.30Website

Connecticut.

U.S · 2021

Footnote 31

n.31Website

Code of Virginia, Article 2: Consolidation of Certain Counties, Cities and Towns. § 15.2–3534: Optional provisions of consolidation agreement.

Virginia Law · 2024

Footnote 32

n.32Website

County.

National Geographic · 2023

Footnote 35

n.35Website

2017 County Authority.

National Association of Counties (NACo) · 2017
n.35PDF

Counties Matter: Stronger Counties Stronger America.

National Association of Counties (NACo) · 2019

Footnote 38

n.38Website

Home Rule Charter, Article 3 The Executive Branch.

Clark County, Washington · 2024

Footnote 40

n.40Website

Governor Murphy Signs Legislation to Eliminate the Title of 'Freeholder' from Public Office.

State of New Jersey · 2020
n.40Book

What is a Police Jury and its Duties?

Assumption Parish Police Jury, Louisiana

Footnote 41

n.41Website

County Forms of Government: Commission Form.

Municipal Research Services Center (MRSC) · 2024

Footnote 42

n.42Website

Commissioners.

Latah County, Idaho · 2024

Footnote 54

n.54PDF

Model County Charter

National Civic League · 1990

Footnote 55

n.55PDF

Model County Charter

National Civic League · 1990

Footnote 56

n.56Website

The Difference Between a Town and a City; Plus Counties, Villages and More.

Fernald, Austin · 2024

Footnote 57

n.57Website

City-County Consolidation in North Carolina.

UNC School of Government · 2024

Footnote 58

n.58PDF

City-County Consolidations.

National League of Cities · 2013

Footnote 61

n.61Website

Who Zones? Mapping Land-Use Authority across the US.

Lo, Lydia · 2019

Footnote 62

n.62Website

Who Zones? Mapping Land-Use Authority across the US.

Lo, Lydia · 2019

Footnote 63

n.63Book

Row Officers.

Montgomery County Pennsylvania

Footnote 65

n.65Book

The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders.

Howard, Andrew · 2020

Footnote 66

n.66PDF

Role of the County Clerk.

Byers, Jacqueline J · 2008

Footnote 67

n.67PDF

Role of the County Clerk.

Byers, Jacqueline J · 2008

Footnote 68

n.68Website

Property Taxes by State (2024).

Kiernan, John S · 2024

Footnote 69

n.69Book

Assessor.

Idaho County

Footnote 70

n.70Book

County Tax Assessor-Collector.

Texas Association of Counties

Footnote 71

n.71Website

County Treasurer: Keeper of the Dollar$.

Byers, Jacqueline J · 2008

Footnote 72

n.72Website

County Treasurer: Keeper of the Dollar$.

Byers, Jacqueline J · 2008

Footnote 73

n.73Website

County Treasurer: Keeper of the Dollar$.

Byers, Jacqueline J · 2008

Footnote 74

n.74Book

What Is a Coroner?

Franklin County Forensic Science Center

Footnote 75

n.75Website

FAQ: Question 6.

National Sheriffs' Association · 2021

Footnote 77

n.77Book

Alaska State Troopers—Recruitment.

The Great State of Alaska—Department of Public Safety
n.77Book

Marshal Commission, State: FAQs.

CT.gov
n.77Book

Office of Sheriff State-by-State Elections Information.

National Sheriffs' Association

Footnote 79

n.79Website

FAQ.

National Sheriffs' Association · 2021

Footnote 83

n.83Website

Prosecutors as the Most Powerful Actor in the Criminal Justice System.

Davis, Angela J · 2014

Footnote 84

n.84Website

The Nature and Function of Prosecutorial Power.

Sklansky, David Alan · 2017

Footnote 87

n.87Website

The Federal Prosecutor.

Jackson, Robert H · 1940

Footnote 88

n.88Website

What does a public defender do in the U.S.?

Adkins, Lenore T · 2020

Footnote 89

n.89Book

The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders.

Howard, Andrew · 2020

Footnote 90

n.90Book

The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders.

Howard, Andrew · 2020

Footnote 91

n.91Book

The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders.

Howard, Andrew · 2020

Footnote 92

n.92Book

Nebraska.

Gideon at 50
n.92Book

The Public's Defender: Analyzing the Impact of Electing Public Defenders.

Howard, Andrew · 2020

Footnote 93

n.93Book

Public Defender.

State of Florida—Fourteenth Judicial Circuit

Footnote 95

n.95Book

State-by-State Summary of Judicial Selection.

USLegal

Footnote 101

n.101Website

What Is the Difference Between Municipal Court, District Court and Federal Court?

Roth Davies Trial Lawyers · 2024

Footnote 102

n.102Book

How the Missouri Plan Works.

Your Missouri Judges

Footnote 103

n.103Book

State-by-State Summary of Judicial Selection.

USLegal

Footnote 115

n.115Book

StrongTowns.org