Chapter 3

Footnote 3

n.3Website

The Difference Between a Town and a City; Plus Counties, Villages and More.

Fernald, Austin · 2024

Footnote 4

n.4Website

Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, and Bureau of the Census

U.S · 1994

Footnote 5

n.5Website

Cities 101—Types of Local US Governments.

National League of Cities · 2016

Footnote 6

n.6Website

Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, and Bureau of the Census

U.S · 1994

Footnote 7

n.7Website

Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, and Bureau of the Census

U.S · 1994

Footnote 8

n.8Website

The Oldest Cities in the U.S. Mapped.

Egoshin, Alex · 2022

Footnote 9

n.9Website

Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, and Bureau of the Census

U.S · 1994

Footnote 10

n.10Website

The Difference Between a Town and a City; Plus Counties, Villages and More.

Fernald, Austin · 2024

Footnote 13

n.13Website

Revised Charter of the City & County of Honolulu 1973 (2017 Edition).

City and County of Honolulu · 2021
n.13PDF

St. Augustine Beach, Florida—Code of Ordinances/Charter Laws.

Municode · 2023

Footnote 14

n.14Website

Art. II, § 5.

Charter of Alaska
n.14Website

Local Constitutions.

Davidson, Nestor M · 2021

Footnote 20

n.20Book

Cities 101—Delegation of Power.

National League of Cities

Footnote 22

n.22Book

Cities 101—Delegation of Power.

National League of Cities

Footnote 25

n.25Website

MO Rev Stat § 81.020 (2022).

Justia · 2022

Footnote 26

n.26Website

Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey.

New Jersey Legislative District Data Book · 2011
n.26Website

The Missouri Roster 2021–2022: A Directory of State, District, County and Federal Officials.

Ashcroft, John R · 2021

Footnote 31

n.31PDF

Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey.

New Jersey Legislative District Data Book · 2011
n.31PDF

Types of Charters.

University of Tennessee Municipal Technical Advisory Service (MTAS) · 2021

Footnote 34

n.34Website

City and Town Classification.

Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC) · 2024

Footnote 40

n.40Website

Principles of Home Rule for the 21st Century

Anthony, Clarence E · 2023
n.40Website

The Right to Vote under Local Law.

Douglas, Joshua A · 2017

Footnote 41

n.41PDF

NY created an agency to OK wind and solar projects quickly. Upstate towns aren't happy.

Zambito, Thomas C · 2022

Footnote 42

n.42Website

Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church

Pope Benedict XVI · 2005

Footnote 48

n.48Website

What's So Special about Special Districts? A Citizen's Guide to Special Districts in California

California Senate Local Government Committee · 2010

Footnote 50

n.50PDF

Form of Government.

Kentucky League of Cities · 2023

Footnote 51

n.51Website

Knowing Your Roles: City and Town Governments.

Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC) · 2024

Footnote 52

n.52Website

Knowing Your Roles: City and Town Governments.

Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC) · 2024

Footnote 53

n.53Website

Cities 101—Mayoral Powers.

National League of Cities · 2016

Footnote 54

n.54Website

Commission Form of City Government.

Rice, Bradley R · 1995

Footnote 55

n.55Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 56

n.56Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 57

n.57Website

Steel, and Nicholas P

Simon, Christopher A., Brent S · 2019

Footnote 59

n.59PDF

Portland Voters Approve Charter Reform, City Launches Transition.

City of Portland · 2022

Footnote 60

n.60Website

Commission Form of City Government.

Rice, Bradley R · 1995

Footnote 61

n.61Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 63

n.63Website

Model City Charter

National Civic League · 2011

Footnote 65

n.65Website

Model City Charter

National Civic League · 2011

Footnote 66

n.66PDF

Steel, and Nicholas P

Simon, Christopher A., Brent S · 2019

Footnote 67

n.67Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 69

n.69PDF

Steel, and Nicholas P

Simon, Christopher A., Brent S · 2019

Footnote 70

n.70PDF

Steel, and Nicholas P

Simon, Christopher A., Brent S · 2019

Footnote 71

n.71PDF

Steel, and Nicholas P

Simon, Christopher A., Brent S · 2019

Footnote 73

n.73Website

FAQ: Question 6.

National Sheriffs' Association · 2021

Footnote 75

n.75Website

Why Become a City?

McCarthy, Jean · 1999

Footnote 76

n.76Website

Local Government 101.

Ouellette, John · 2023
n.76Book

U.S. Government Bookstore.

GPO

Footnote 77

n.77Video

A New England Tradition.

The Recorder · 2015

Footnote 78

n.78Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 79

n.79Website

An Enduring System of Local Deliberative Democracy: The 21st Century Legal and Normative Structure of Massachusetts Town Meeting.

Townsend, Rebecca and Carmin C · 2022

Footnote 80

n.80Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 82

n.82Book

Town and Township Government in the United States.

National Association of Towns and Townships

Footnote 83

n.83PDF

A Space for Faith: The Colonial Meeting Houses of New England.

Wainwright, Paul · 2010

Footnote 85

n.85Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 86

n.86Book

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 88

n.88Video

Municipal Form of Government (2018–19).

International County-City Management Association (ICMA) · 2018

Footnote 89

n.89Book

Town and Township Government in the United States.

National Association of Towns and Townships

Footnote 90

n.90Website

The Difference Between a Town and a City; Plus Counties, Villages and More.

Fernald, Austin · 2021

Footnote 91

n.91Website

Townships in the U.S.

Michigan Townships Association · 2023

Footnote 92

n.92Book

Town and Township Government in the United States.

National Association of Towns and Townships

Footnote 97

n.97Website

Criminal Municipal Courts.

Natapoff, Alexandra · 2021

Footnote 99

n.99Website

What Kind of Offenses Are Handled in Municipal Court?

AskTheLawyers · 2020

Footnote 100

n.100Video

What Is the Difference Between Municipal Court, District Court and Federal Court?

Roth Davies Trial Lawyers · 2024

Footnote 103

n.103Website

Vision and Mission of Award-Winning Cities, Municipalities, and Local Governments around the World.

Tazein, Almas · 2021

Footnote 107

n.107Website

A Field Guide to Chambers of Commerce.

Aaron Renn · 2022