Lesson 4
Footnotes from The Civil Realm.
1
John Adams to the Massachusetts Militia, October 11, 1798, Founders Online, National Archives.
2
Freedom of speech does not include the right . . .to incite imminent lawless action (Brandenburg v. Ohio, 1969)to make or distribute obscene materials (Roth v. United States, 1957)to burn draft cards as an anti-war protest (United States v. O’Brien, 1968)to permit students to print articles in a school newspaper over the objections of the school administration (Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988)of students to make an obscene speech at a school-sponsored event (Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser, 1986)of students to advocate illegal drug use at a school-sponsored event (Morse v. Frederick, 2007).Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, “What Does Free Speech Mean?” U.S. Courts.
What Does Free Speech Mean Website
3
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, “Terry Stop Update,” Legal Division, Training Programs.
4
From the 1966 Supreme Court Case Miranda v. Arizona which freed a convicted of kidnapper and rapist because he had not been read his right to remain silent and the right to speak with an attorney.